It contains the poorest segment of the urban population, notably first generation immigrants living, in the lowest housing conditions. Zone III: This zone is gradually been reconverted to other uses by expanding manufacturing / industrial activities. Further, most transport terminals, namely port sites and railyards, are located adjacent to the central area. Zone II: Immediately adjacent to the CBD a zone where many industrial activities locate to take advantage of nearby labor and markets. According to this monocentric model (see above figure), a large city is divided in six concentric zones: Zone I: Central Business District (called the "loop" in Chicago) where most of the tertiary employment is located and where the urban transport infrastructure is converging, making this zone the most accessible. Thus, accessing better housing is done at the expense of longer commuting times (and costs). The further from the CBD, the better the quality of housing, but the longer the commuting time. The model assumes a relationship between the socio-economic status (mainly income) of households and the distance from the Central Business District (CBD). This representation was built from Burgess' observations of a number of American cities, notably Chicago, for which he provided empirical evidence. In 1925, Burgess presented a descriptive urban land use model, which divided cities in a set of concentric circles expanding from the downtown to the suburbs.
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